Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park

Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park

Taman Nasional Bromo Tengger Semeru

 

Sunrise in the steaming crater of Mount Bromo with stately Mount Semeru imposing in the background.

Panoramic view of Mt. Bromo, Mt. Batok, and Mt. Semeru

 

Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park

 

Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park (Indonesian: Taman Nasional Bromo Tengger Semeru; abbreviated as TNBTS) is a national park located in East Java, Indonesia, to the east of Malang and Lumajang, to the south of Pasuruan and Probolinggo, and to the southeast of Surabaya, the capital of East Java.

 

It is the only conservation area in Indonesia that has a sand sea,  the Tengger Sand Sea (Indonesian: Laut Pasir Tengger), across which is the caldera of an ancient volcano (Tengger) from which four new volcanic cones have emerged.

 

This unique feature covers a total area of 5,250 hectares at an altitude of about 2,100 meters (6,900 ft). The massif also contains the highest mountain in Java, Mount Semeru (3,676 meters (12,060 ft)), four lakes and 50 rivers. It is named after the Tengger tribe.

 

The explosion of the volcano that created the caldera, happened ca. 45.000 years ago, in an event similar to the Krakatau eruption.

 

The Tengger Sand Sea has been protected since 1919. The Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park was declared a national park  on  October 14, 1982.

 

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East Java (Indonesian: Jawa Timur )

Map showing the location of Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park

Geography

Tengger massif *대산괴

 

Wikimedia | © OpenStreetMa

Interactive map of Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park

 

 

The Tengger massif is a massif within the park.  The area is an active volcanic complex surrounded by a plain of sand.

 

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Volcanism

The volcanic complex of Tengger forms a condition where a new caldera of volcano forms inside a larger and more ancient caldera (*칼데라: 화산 중앙부의 크게 함몰된 곳). There are five volcanoes inside the Tengger Caldera: Mount Bromo (2,329 m), Mount Batok (2,470 m), Mount Kursi (2,581 m), Mount Watangan (2,661 m), and Mount Widodaren (2,650 m).  Mount Batok is the only peak that is no longer active, and is covered in casuarina (Indonesian: cemara) trees. Mount Widodaren, located beside Mount Batok, contains the cave Widodaren, which is considered sacred by local people.

 

The five volcanoes within the caldera are surrounded by a vast area of sand called the Tengger Sand Sea, which in turn is surrounded by a steep crater wall of the larger Tengger Caldera with height differences of about 200–600 meters (660–1,970 ft). Other mountains around the Tengger caldera are: Mount Pananjakan (2,770 m), Mount Cemorolawang (2,227 m), Mount Lingker (2,278 m), Mount Pundak Lembu (2,635 m), Mount Jantur (2,705 m), Mount Ider-ider (2,527 m) and Mount Mungal (2,480 m). The peak of Mount Pananjakan is the most popular place to watch the entire volcanic complex of Tengger.

 

Further south in the national park, there is another volcanic complex called the Semeru Group or Jambangan Group.

This area contains the highest peak of Java, Mount Semeru (3,676 m). Other mountains within this area are Mount Lanang (2,313 m), Mount Ayek-ayek (2,819 m), Mount Pangonan Cilik (2,833 m), Mount Keduwung (2,334 m), Mount Jambangan (3,020 m), Mount Gentong (1,951 m), Mount Kepolo (3,035 m), and Mount Malang (2,401 m).

 

The Semeru forest area has many rivers that are former lava lines from Mount Semeru. The Semeru group is considered to be very productive, producing volcanic matters such as lava, volcanic ash, and hot cloud and spreading it to the surrounding area. The lower area is surrounded with fertile rice fields.

 

The Hindu priests of the Tengger people

Climate

The climate in Bromo Tengger Semeru is cold, especially in winter from May until September. There is heavy rainfall in summer, while there is little to no precipitation in winter. Nighttime temperatures in winter commonly fall below zero degrees Celsius, with potential for frost and light snow. It is classified as a subtropical highland.

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Gunung Bromo sunrise

 

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Andhika Bayu Nugraha - Bromo Tengger National Park Semeru (translation of caption)

 

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Mount Bromo is one of active volcanoes in Indonesia located in East Java and is nestled in the regencies of Probolinggo, Pasuruan, Lumajang and Malang. Bromo volcano which stands tall at 2329 m is the most iconic and the most hiked mountain in Indonesia. Mount Bromo is still one of the most active volcanoes in the world and there are areas that are blocked off from tourists due to its imminent danger. It sits inside the massive Tengger caldera (volcanic crater with a diameter approximately 10km), surrounded by the Laut Pasir (sea of sand) of fine volcanic sand. Mount Bromo is not as big as other volcanoes in Indonesia but the view of Bromo is amazing. The magnificent beauty of Mount Bromo makes tourists amazed. As an active volcano, Bromo is the main and popular tourist destination in East Java and always filled with domestic and international tourists even outside the holiday period. Foreign travellers usually visit the area on weekdays, meanwhile locals mostly travel there on weekends. The name Bromo is said to derive from Brama (Brahma), a Hindu God. Until now, Mt. Bromo is still considered a holy place for Hindus, making it a location for the annual Yadnya Kasada or Kasodo ceremony. People around Mount Bromo will celebrate the Kasodo festivals annually by presenting offerings like vegetables, chickens and money dedicated to the Gods and thrown into the crater of Mount Bromo as an entity of gratitude to the Almighty.

 

 

Jejak_Cahaya_Petualangan_di_TNBTS

Jejak cahaya pemburu petualangan di Taman Nasional Bromo Tengger Semeru, ada yang menggunakan mobil 4x4 untuk menuju ke Penanjakan dan ada para pendaki yang sedang berjuang menuju puncak Semeru, diabadikan bersama gugusan galaksi Bimasakti yang akan tenggelam

 

 

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PN Bromo Tengger Semeru: The Volcanic Sea of ​​Java

 

Sunrise at Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park

 

 

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